Nobis Herald Extraordinary

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Herald Extraordinary notes and ideas

Heraldic “arms of office”

Per Wikipedia:

The Herald Chancellor of Canada has arms of office. The red shield features a gold maple tree with its roots visible. The maple tree represents the predominant species on the grounds of Rideau Hall, where the Canadian Heraldic Authority is headquartered. The batons of office are red and gold and are decorated with shields of the arms of the CHA. The arms are impaled with the personal arms of the Herald Chancellor. The Deputy Herald Chancellor uses similar arms. These are red with a white tree and an added white bordure. These are, likewise, impaled with the personal arms of the office-holder.

http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/ProjectPics/vi017_19920118_arms_jamescyrillegervais.jpg
Arms of Office of James Cyrille Gervaise as Deputy Herald Chancellor

The impaled shield shows the Arms of Office of the Deputy Herald Chancellor on the left marshalled with the personal arms of James Cyrille Gervais, granted on 21 January 1993, on the right. The shield is placed on two representations of the Baton of Office of the Deputy Herald Chancellor in saltire.

http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=2115&ProjectElementID=7357

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms#/media/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms.svg
Badge of the Lord Lyon King of Arms. Note the crossed battons here, too.


Heraldic Titles

Sofyasaurus Herald Imaginary

http://medievalscotland.org/jes/HeraldicTitles/ :

Does it sound good to say:

Sofya la Rus, Redewike Herald Extraordinary Sofya Redewike “Redewike says that Russian names are feminized by…”  
Sofya la Rus, Non Nobis Herald Extraordinary Sofya Non Nobis “Non Nobis says that Russian names are feminized by…”  
Sofya la Rus, Bien Herald Extraordinary Sofya Bien “Bien says that Russian names are feminized by…”  
Sofya la Rus, L’Abeille Herald Extraordinary Sofya L’Abelle “L’Abeille says that Russian names are feminized by…”  
Sofya la Rus, Bihne Herald Extraordinary Sofya Bihne “Bihne says that Russian names are feminized by…”  
Sofya la Rus, Nobis Herald Extraordinary Sofya Nobis “Nobis says that Russian names are feminized by…”

Unclear

Besource Pursuivant – This English title is unclear in origin. Franklyn & Tanner say that he was “active in 1380 when he received largesse from John O’Gaunt, but his master is not known.” – http://medievalscotland.org/jes/HeraldicTitles/dictionary.shtml#Besource_Pursuivant

Heraldic Charge Examples

Blanch Lyverer Pursuivant – This English title is derived from a heraldic charge (a greyhound)…

Eisvogl Herald – This German title is derived from the name of a heraldic charge (a kingfisher),

Rouge Dragon Pursuivant – This English title is derived from a heraldic charge, the red dragon badge of Wales.

Motto-based Heraldic Titles

My old defunct mottoes:

  • "Mir znachit Pax Romanov" (<military sarcasm>Peace/world means Pax Romanov</sarcasm>)
  • "Et nunc et semper, etiam atque etiam, et discere et exquire et alia." (Both now and always, again and again, to learn and to seek and other things)

Diligens Pursuivant – This Scottish title is a motto in origin, meaning “diligence.”

Gentil-Oiseau Pursuivant – This French title is a motto or desirable trait (of sorts) in origin; it means “gentle bird.” He dates to 1415, according to Mathieu. – http://medievalscotland.org/jes/HeraldicTitles/dictionary.shtml#Gentil-Oiseau_Pursuivant

Nobis or Non nobis

  • Non nobis solum (English: Not for ourselves alone) is a Latin motto. A common variation is non nobis, sed omnibus (“not for us, but for everyone”) and non nobis solum, sed omnibus. From Cicero “non nobis solum nati sumus ortusque nostri partem patria vindicat, partem amici” (“Not for us alone are we born; our country, our friends, have a share in us”) inspired by Plato and Stoic philosophy – wikipedia
  • Nobis appears as an English, German and Spanish surname in IGI
    • Lennard Nobis, married 1577, Somerset, England, Batch M15084-1
    • Martha Nobis, married 1625, Wuerttemberg, Batch M94707-1

“Not for ourselves”

  • French “pas pour nous”
  • German “Nicht für uns”
  • Spanish “no para nosotros mismos”

“Non nobis”

  • English “not us”
  • French “non pas à nous”
  • German “nicht uns”
  • Spanish “no nos”

Psalm 115 “Not to us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto thy name give glory”

  • French “Non pas à nous, Eternel, non pas à nous, Mais à ton nom donne gloire”
  • Spanish “NO á nosotros, oh Jehová, no á nosotros, Sino á tu nombre da gloria;
  • German “Nicht uns, HERR, nicht uns, sondern deinem Namen gib Ehre”

1: Tanczos Istvan – New Heraldic Title

OSCAR finds the name registered exactly as it appears in May of 2002, via the East

Non Scripta Herald

Istvan was granted the right to a personal title on the Cover Letter to the February 2011 LoAR, under the heading “From Olwyn, the retiring Laurel” http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2011/02/11-02cl.html

This title is taken from the motto of the College of Arms, “Non Scripta, Non Est.” The first findable reference to this phrase as the motto is on the March 1987 LoAR. It is translated on the November 2001 LoAR as “if it isn’t in writing, it doesn’t exist”

The article “Heraldic Titles from the Middle Ages and Renaissance”, by Juliana da Luna (http://medievalscotland.org/jes/HeraldicTitlesSCA/index.shtml) lists roughly 100 titles based on mottoes.

Ursula Georges’ article on “Mottoes and Heraldry” lists quite a lot of heraldic mottoes in Latin. (http://www.doomchicken.net/~ursula/sca/motto/mottoesandheraldry.doc)

While precedent says “Ursula Georges does note that she has found no examples of heraldic titles formed from Latin mottos. However, there is a general pattern of titles so formed. Therefore, forming a heraldic title from a Latin motto is one step from period practice.” [Northshield, Kingdom of, March 2006, A-Northshield], that is the only step.

Ursula also provided documentation in email for the words and grammar: “Non scripta” literally means “things not having been written”. “Non” is the usual Latin word for not (see Lewis & Short s.v. non). “Scripta” is the neuter plural form of the perfect passive participle of the verb “scribo”, ‘I write’ (Lewis & Short s.v. scribo), used substantively. (Lewis & Short can be found athttp://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/resolveform?redirect=true&lang=Latin)

October 2012 – Titles from Latin Mottoes

Tanczos Istvan. Heraldic title Non Scripta Herald.

This submission raises several interesting issues. First, commenters questioned whether mottoes that did not complete a thought (this means “things not having been written down”) were period. Period examples of mottoes (and titles derived from mottoes) that are incomplete thoughts include A ma vie “with my life (I will defend it),” Passe oultre “go further,” Plus Oultre “further beyond,”, and the like. In one case, the English College of Arms motto, Diligent and Secret, is split and used as two separate titles. Thus, a title derived from part of the Laurel motto fits within a pattern of period heraldic titles.

What fits less well within that pattern is the language. The Laurel motto is Latin, and clearly constructed following the rules of period Latin. Latin mottoes are now known to be vanishing rare in period; their use in heraldic titles is a step from period practice under the Rules for Submissions. We decline to rule on their registerability under the Standards for Evaluation. Any future submission based on a Latin motto should include a discussion of the suitability of such a motto for a heraldic title.

…

http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2012/10/12-10lar.html#158

On the suitability of a Latin motto for a heraldic title:

The October 2012 precedent states that Latin mottoes are “vanishing rare in period”. Ursula Georges has documented that in 16th and 17th Wales, a majority of mottoes that she could find were, in fact, Latin – 55.3%. A goodly number of her Latin examples are period and gray period. So it seems that Latin mottoes are not, in fact, “vanishing rare”. http://www.yarntheory.net/ursulageorges/motto/welshmottoes.html

“Non nobis” itself was well known in period as derived from the title of a famous Psalm and also inspired by classical passages from Virgil and Cicero.

Caxton’s 1483 edition of the Golden Legend has the saintly king, Edward the Confessor, praying the “Non nobis” Psalm after healing a blind man. Google Books:

https://books.google.com/books?id=dhvKBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1141&lpg=PT1141&dq=golden+legend+non+nobis&source=bl&ots=os8FlbQWen&sig=4gfDPU4w8QL_Mj2txwx1AsCFHn0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiy54LFubrXAhVExCYKHTiGBRkQ6AEIKzAB#v=onepage&q=golden%20legend%20non%20nobis&f=false

King Henry had Non Nobis sung after the Battle of Agincourt in Shakespeare’s Henry V, Act 4, Scene VIII (published 1600), inspired by Hall’s 1542 Chronicle.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non_nobis

“Non nobis” was the motto/battle hymn/cry/prayer of the Knights Templar. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar and

http://knightstemplarvault.com/templars-battle-prayer/

The impresa of Sir Philip Sidney used at The Triumph of the Four Foster Children of Desire in 1581 was “Sic nos non nobis” [printed]

This was also noted in the Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Sir Philip Sidney – [printed snippet view]

And discussed in more detail in _Sir Philip Sydney and the Circulation of Manuscripts, 1548-1640_ pp 284-5 – with a poem about the work of Bees, etc. not for themselves “Sic vos non vobis” as a well-known Renaissance motto derived from Asconius Pedianus in Donatus’ life of Virgil, and related to Sir Philip’s follower’s use of “Sic nos non nobis” in the 1581 tilt – [printed snippet view]

“Non nobis” seems to have been used regularly as an epigraph by both Catholic and Protestant authors and translators, including James Pilkington (A godlie exposition upon certeine chapters of Nehemiah, 1585), and the translators of Eusebius’s The auncient ecclesiasticall histories (1577), Gaspar Loarte’s The exercise of a christian life (1579), and the same author’s Instructions and advertisements, how to meditate the misteries of the rosarie (1597). – http://shaksper.net/current-postings/30914-non-nobis-and-te-deum-3

While I have not been able to find any heraldic titles derived from Latin mottoes (perhaps because Latin mottoes achieved peak popularity after many heraldic titles had already been established), Julia Smith’s article “Heraldic Titles from the Middle Ages and Renaissance: Overview” demonstrates that mottoes in general were a common source for heraldic titles. I believe that Ursula George’s article demonstrates that by late period, Latin mottoes were common enough that it would be plausible for a late period heraldic title to be derived from one. “Non nobis” in particular was known to be used in period mottoes, impresae and possibly also as a battle cry and would therefore seem particularly plausible for use in an heraldic title.

If the above is not convincing, I would be willing to accept the title Nobis Herald instead, based on the <family name> + <title> pattern from Julia Smith.

Nobis appears as an English surname in IGI/Family Search:

  • Lennard Nobis, married 1577, Somerset, England, Batch M15084-1

“Perfect is the enemy of the good.”

  • "Le mieux est l’ennemi de bien". Let well enough alone. “The best is the enemy of good.”

“Out of little acorns…”

  • Les petits ruisseaux font les grandes rivières. Tall oaks from little acorns grow. “The little streams make the big rivers.”

“Just do it.” aka “Do what you can, it’s all you can do.”

"Probieren geht über studieren" (lit.: attempting something is better than studying it)

"Steter Tropfen höhlt den Stein" (lit.: a steady drop will carve the stone)

A Medieval Collection of Latin and English Proverbs –

https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m1301&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF

  • 29. He is wyse and well taw;t, pat berys a horn’ and blowes it nowt.
  • 10. It is no shame to fall’, but to lye longe
  • 27. Not all keyes hongen atte oo wyues gyrdell. 1
  • 30. Lytell & lytell the catt eteth pe bakon.
  • 1. He pat dothe as kanne, blame hym no man’
  • 4. The nerre ye chirche ye feryer fro criste.
  • 25. Of alytell’ sparke cometh agrete fyre.
  • 7. A fool schulde neuer haue babul in honde

Locative

Warwick Herald – This English title is locative in origin, derived from a noble title. Franklyn & Tanner say “maintained during the first half of the XV century by the earls of Warwick.” Godfrey dates use of this title to 1435-1469.

Redwick –

  • to hreodwican 955-9 (12th) BCS 936
  • Redewik’, Redewyk(e) 1248Ass , 1284Episc , 1358FF
  • Redwiche 1194P
  • Redwyk(e), Redwi(c)k 1268Ipm , 1354Orig , 1590FF , 1658Asht 43
  • Redwi(c)k als. Radwick 1601FF
  • Reddeweke 1547FF
  • Radewik(e), Radewyk(e) 1230Cl , 1232Ch , 1248, 1287Ass , 1296Ipm et passim to, 1535VE
  • Raddewyk’ 1330FF
  • Radwyk(e), Radwi(c)k 1476AD i, 1478AD iii, 1547Pat , c. 1560Surv

http://placenames.org.uk/browse/mads/epns-deep-40-b-subparish-000058

Redewike in the reign of Henry VI –

Grant for life to Hugh John,knight,who has laboured against Westminster, the infidel Saracens in the parts of Troy, Greece and Turkey by land and water and received the order of knighthood at the Holy Sepulchre and visited the Holy Land,as appears byletters apostolic and letters of the Emperor of Constantinople and the kingof Cyprus and Armenia,for good service in the king’s wars in France, Normandy and elsewhere beyond seas, of the office of steward of the lordship and courts of Magor and Redewike in the march of Wales…

http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/patentrolls/h6v5/body/Henry6vol5page0562.pdf

Locative German – German and titles include both regions and cities: Brandenburg Herald, Luxembourg Herald, Preußen King of Arms, and Beyeren Herald. However, other heraldic titles are derived from locations that are not associated with noble titles. These include the names of both cities and regions. In England, such titles includeDublin Herald, Agincourt Herald, and Bordeaux Herald. In France, titles such as Languedoc Herald and Saintonge Herald follow this pattern. In Spain, Pamplona Herald, Toledo Herald, and Jerusalem Herald appear, while in Portugal, titles like Ceuta Herald, Lisboa Herald, and Algarve Herald are found. One must remember that medieval overlords often controlled areas that are not in the equivalent modern countries: thus Bethune, in northern France, is used as a Spanish title, because it was a Hapsburg possession. However, some titles are clearly not real claims: Portugal has a Constantinople Herald, while a German herald was known as Jerusalem. http://medievalscotland.org/jes/HeraldicTitles/heraldic_titles_by_type.shtml#GERMAN_LOCATIVE

Surnames

Surnames – Finally, a group of titles are derived from surnames, most of which are locative in nature; this is only clearly found in England, where knights who had no noble domains from which to derive a surname were allowed pursuivants. However, in France as well, family names are current possessions sometimes drift apart over time. Examples taken from surnames include Claveley Herald, Chandos Herald, and Mowbray Herald. There are a few heraldic titles derived from non-locative surnames in England; examples include Talbot Herald, Bardolph Herald, and Fitzwalter Pursuivant. There are a few examples from elsewhere of what may be non-locative surnames (the German Suchenwirt Herald, the French Toutain le Gras Pursuivant, and the Scottish Jop Herald), though it is possible that some of these are bynames rather than heraldic titles.

Alternate Herald Forms

German Herald forms – Eisvogl, des kunigs herold, Hierusalem Eraldo, Osterich eerhalld, erhallt des haus zu Osterich, heraut du duc d’Austriche, herault du duc Aubert d’Austeriche,

Middle English – heraud (n.) Also herhaud, herald, herrald, herauld, herault & heroud, herroud, herod, hereud, horoud & haraud,harraud, harrald, harhald, hauraud &haroud, harroud, harod, harud, harot, harowed, harrould, harrold.

Registered forms:

Owls

Thomas Owles 1524, R&W.

William Owlete 1524, R&W.

German – eule (sounds a bit like yule)

French – la chouette, le hibou

Middle English –

R&W – Wich (Wike, Wyke, Wicke, placenames), Wicking (Wikingus, Wykyng, Wikyng, de Wyking), Wicker (Wyker), Wicken (Wyken, de Wikin, placenames), Wickling (de Wyklinge), Redewyke (Reddick)

Bahlow – Wickbrand (fight-flaming sword, Wyckbrandi), Wickede (placename, de Wickede 1300), Wick (Wicke), Wibbelt (Wicboldus, Wickbolt), Wieck.

Bees

Middle English – be, honi

  • bẹ̄ (n.) Also bee, beo, by. Pl. be(e)n, beon, be(e)s, beis. [OE bēo, bīe.] 1.(a) A bee; esp., the honey bee (Apis mellifera); bike (gadering, swarm) of ben (bes), a swarm of bees; king of ben, king of the bees, i.e. the queen bee; bisi ~, as bisi as bes; (b) ~ drumbel, fals ~, long ~, male ~, a drone; common (smal, verrei) ~, a worker;feld ~, a wild bee of the fields; humbel ~, a bumble bee; tame ~, a tame bee; wod ~, a wild bee of the woods; (c) some bee-like insect. 2.~ bred, honeycomb with the honey; ~ herde, ~ man, a beekeeper; ~ hive, ben hive, a beehive; ~ honi, honey; ~ yerd, enclosure for bees, apiary. 3. As a surname. **(1224) //Abbrev.Plac.Hen.III//** 104: Nicholaus le Be. **(1284) //Pat.R.Edw.I//** 141: Adam le Bee. **(1288) //Rec.Norwich 2//** 10: Mirielle le Be [Also in R&W – just Be?]

Where BEES are, there is honey 1616 Adages 77 – Where Bees are, there is honie.

http://cprouvost.free.fr/fun/A%20Lire/0198606087.pdf

German – die biene (fem.) “so fleißig wie eine Biene” (as busy as a bee), bienenfleissig (adj. industrious, bee-busy), bienen (bees plural), bienen- (adj.)

  • IGI has Bien, Bine, Bene, Binen, Beenen, Benen, Bihne (Balzer Bihne, married 1638, Brandenburg, Prussia, Batch M99873-1)
  • “like a/the bee” “wie eine/die Biene”

French – l’abeille (“Le miel est doux, mais l’abeille pique.” (The honey is sweet, but the bee stings.) IGI has Abeille.

Spanish – (motto, surname, charge titles) – la abeja.

  • «Abeja muerta, ni miel, ni cera». – Dead bee, no honey, no wax.
  • «Abejas que tienen miel, tienen aguijón». Bees with honey have stingers.
  • «La abeja, de todas las flores se aprovecha». The bee takes advantage of all flowers.
  • «La abeja, unas flores escoge y otras deja». The bees picks some flowers and not others.
  • «Una abeja no hace colmena». One bee is not a hive, I.e. One swallow does not make a summer.
  • “like a/the bee” “como una/la abeja”

Latin – apis,

  • “Si sapis, sis apis” (if you are wise, be a bee. From honey and wax, enjoy sweetness and light.) “Ако си умен, бъди трудолюбив като пчела.” – “Si sapis, sis apis.” – Seneca? paraphrase? [shorten to “sis apis” ?]
  • Borrowing from Cicero, Petrarch advises an imitator to be like a bee, tasting from various flowers but transforming the nectar into a honey all its own.[6]
  • Apes, ut aiunt, debemus imitari, quae vagantur et flores ad mel faciendum idoneos carpunt, deinde quickquid attulere, disponunt ac per favos digerunt et, ut Vergilius noster ait,. . . liquentia mella / stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas. (We should imitate the bees, as they say, which wander and pluck suitable flowers to make honey, then carry whatever, they arrange and distribute through the honeycomb, just as our Virgil said: . . . they pack close the / liquid honey and fill the storehouse / with sweet nectar.http://nonnumadanda.blogspot.com/2010/09/seneca-letter-84.html [shorten to “apes debemus imitari” or even “apes imitari” (pl) “apis imitari” (sing.) ?]
  • Erasmus’s advice echoed that of the Roman Seneca, who also used a botanical metaphor to describe the essential role that memory plays in reading and in thinking. “We should imitate bees,” Seneca wrote, “and we should keep in separate compartments whatever we have collected from our diverse reading, for things conserved separately keep better. Then, diligently applying all the resources of our native talent, we should mingle all the various nectars we have tasted, and then turn them into a single sweet substance, in such a way that, even if it is apparent where it originated, it appears quite different from what it was in its original state.”5 Memory, for Seneca as for Erasmus, was as much a crucible as a container. It was more than the sum of things remembered. It was something newly made, the essence of a unique self.
  • Omne epigramma sit instar apis; sit aculeus illi, Sint sua mella, sit et corporis exigui: (Every epigram should resemble a bee; it should have sting, honey, and brevity.) – Martial
  • “Ubi mel ibi apes” – (Where honey, there (will be) bees.)
  • “Neque mel, neque apes” (No bees, no honey aka Neither honey, nor bees – Erasmus 1466-1536 discusses.)

Greek – melissa, mellifera (honey-carrier)

Russian – pchela

http://bestiary.ca/beasts/beast260.htm

Bees and Beehives

“The Bee (saith the wiseman) is the least of Birds, but shee is of much vertue; and shee provideth both Hony for pleasure, and Waxe for thrift…. Bees have three properties of the best kinds of subjects, they sticke close to their King; they are very industrious for their liveli-hood, expelling all idle drones; they wil not sting any but such as first provoke them, and then they are most fierce. — John Guillim, A Display of Heraldry, 1611

Bees are often used in canting arms based on the term for “bee” in various languages, such as Latin apis, French abeille, German Biene, etc., and also on terms for “honey”, including Latin mella, French or Spanish miel, Italian miele, German Honig.

The default orientation for bees is tergiant, sometimes also called volant en arrière. Beehives also appear in armory, and they may be surrounded by a swarm of bees in various attitudes, which is termed a beehive beset with bees

http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/Stars/Bugs/Bugs.htm

Also – http://www.heraldica.org/topics/insects.htm, “Bees appear as a canting device for a number of families: the English families Bye, Bee, Beebee, Beeston; the French families Abeille, Melet de Saint-Martin, Mellier, Mieulet (honey=miel in French); German family Biene; Flemish family Bezoet de Bie; Dutch family van Byemont; Spanish families Abello, Abella; Greek family Melisurgo de Melissenos; etc.”

More Middle English

  • clāvẹ̄r (n.) Also claviour. [OF clavier] (a) The keeper of a door or gate, porter; a key-keeper, ?steward; — in surname only;
  • (a) **(1211) //CRR(2) 6//** 142: Jordanus le Claver. **(1225) //Close R.Tower 2//** 15: Willielmus le Claver. **(1255) in Thuresson //ME Occup.Terms//** 149: Ric. le Clauer. **(1271) //Inquis.PM Hen.III//** 247: Simon le Claver. **(1327) in Thuresson //ME Occup.Terms//** 149: Joh. Claver..Rog. le Clauyr. **(1346) //Feudal Aids 5//** 74: Johannes Claver.
  • claviculārī (n.) [L clāviculārius] A key-keeper.
  • keie (n.(1)) Also kei, keȝe, kai(e, cai, (early) kæie, cæȝe & kẹ̄ & kī(e; pl. keies, etc. & keien, keiȝen. [OE cǣg] 1a. (a) A key; lok and ~; also fig.; kinges keies, crowbars and hammers used to force locks or doors; (b) a representation of a key in a heraldic device; ~ of rome, a key as a sign of Roman pilgrimage; (c) pl. keies, ?a manorial office with charge of the keys of the buildings; ~ theis; (d) ~ berere (herde), a person in charge of keys; hevenli ~ herde, an epithet for St. Peter; ~ bond, a band for carrying keys, a key-ring; ~ clogge, a piece of wood attached to a key to prevent loss; ~ makere, a keysmith; ~ silver, a rent paid for exemption from the office of reeve; (e) in proverbs and sayings; (f) chirche ~, see chirche 9. (d); cliket ~, see cliket n. (1) (a);heven ~, see heven 7. (d). 1b. In phrases: (a) beren keies, to enjoy (someone’s) trust; beren keie(s of, kepen ~ of, be in charge of (sth.), have charge of (an office); have (someone’s heart, happiness, etc.) in one’s control; guard (faith, virtue, Christianity, etc.), defend; hold (treason) in check, curb; (b) bringen (taken, yelden, yelden up, yeven) the keies, senden the keie(s, to give up control (of a city or country), deliver a place (to sb.), surrender one’s authority or rule; (c) kepen under ~, to lock (sb. or sth.) up, have in safekeeping or custody; also fig.; holden under ~, withhold (sth.); loken under a ~, keep (sb.) in one’s sway; … underfon under lok & ~, receive or accept (sth.) for safe custody, be entrusted with. 3.In various fig. uses: (a) one who, or that which, opens the way to something, that which makes something possible; beren the ~; (b) a controller, means of controlling; protector, protection; lok and ~; (c) an entrance, place of entering; (d) that which explains or makes clear. 6. The helm of a ship, tiller; fig. that which guides or governs; [?L clavus confused with clavis]. 7. ?In surname. **(1202) in //Pipe R.Soc.n.s.15//** 56: Willelmus Keistan.
  • compīlātǒur (n.) [L & OF] (a) A plagiarist; (b) a compiler. (a) **c1400 * Chaucer //Astr.//(Brussels 4869)** introd.75b: I ne am but a Iewid compilatour of the labour of olde astrologiens. **?a1475(?a1425) //Higd.(2)// (Hrl 2261)** 1.13: Virgilius..callede..a compilator of olde thynges..ansuerede..that hit was a signe of grete strenȝhte to take the mace from the honde of Hercules. (b) **a1475(a1447) Bokenham //MAngl.//(Hrl 4011)** 34/7: I..ne desire to be holdyn..auctour..ne wylle aske no more but to byn holdyn oonly the pore compilatour & owte of latyne..the rude & symple translatour.
  • compīlen (v.) [ML & OF] 1. To compose or write (a chronicle, story, poem, prayer, etc.); also, formulate (rules). 2. (a) To collect and present information from authentic sources, as in an encyclopedia or a comprehensive treatise; compile; ~ togeder; (b) to codify (statutes).
  • gaderer(e (n.) Also gadrer, gederer, & (errors) gadaver, goder. [From gaderen.] (a) A gatherer; one who brings people together, one who accumulates property, one who procures indulgences; also fig.; (b) one who picks or gathers fruit, flowers, herbs; (c) a collector of taxes, tribute, alms [see also rent ~]; (d) as surname; (e) the ~, Aggregatoris dictorum illustrium, a medical treatise by William Corvi; also, nickname of the author. (a) **a1300 //PMor.//(Jes-O 29)** 265: Þe þat were gaderares of þisse worldes ayhte. **(a1387) Trev. //Higd.//(StJ-C H.1)** 1.13: Enemyes..cleped hym a gaderere of old wrytynges [L compilator veterum]. **(1395) //Wycl.37 Concl.//(Tit D.1)** 65: Though a cristene man geue manie godis..to the gadereris or procuratouris of suche indulgencis, and releue not hise pore neighboris..he shal be dampnid. **(1451) Capgr. //St.Gilb.//(Add 36704)** 90/8: Þere was not founde a bettir ne more sewirer keper þan þat same man whech was gaderer of þat puple. **c1475(?c1400) //Wycl.Apol.//(Dub 245)** 55: Þei of þer office are gederers of euerlastyng lif. (b) **(c1384) //WBible(1)// (Dc 369(2))** Ob.1.5: Ȝif gadreris of grapis [L vindemiatores] hadden entriden to thee. **(c1449) Pecock //Repr.//(Cmb Kk.4.26)** 29: The feld is the fundament of tho flouris, and not the hondis of the gaderers, neither tho bringers. **?c1450 //Iff a man// (Stockh 10.90)**312/189: Who so wele on lammesse-day..Gadere celydony with his roote, It helpyth and doth meche bote; Þe gaderere fastend most be. (d) **(c1275) //Hundred R.Tower 1//** 384: Rogerus le Gaderer.
  • lantern(e (n.) Also launtern(e, la(u)ntren, lantarne & la(u)nter & lā̆tern(e. [OF lanterne & L lanterna, lāterna.] 1. (a) A lantern; a lamp; lemen (shinen) as lanternes, to shine like lanterns; holden the ~, act as guide, lead the way; loken lik a ~, be hollow-cheeked; light of (the) ~, lantern light (as a guide or as a sign of human habitation); (b) in proverbial expressions and sayings; … (d) in surnames. (a) **a1300(c1250) //Floris// (Vit D.3)** 235: Ne þarf me aniht..berne Nouþer torche ne lanterne. … **c1350 //Apoc.(1)// in //LuSE// (Hrl 874)** p.157: Ne voice ne no mynstralcye ne shal neuermore ben herd in hire, ne liȝth of lanterne shal neuermore be seen in it. … **(a1393) Gower //CA// (Frf 3)** 4.817: Sche hath do set up lyht In a lanterne on hih alofte Upon a Tour..In hope that..He scholde se the liht brenninge. **(a1398) * Trev. //Barth.//(Add 27944)** 197a/b: In a temple of venus is..a candelstik on þe whiche was a lanterne [Tol: lantarne] so brennyng þat it may nought be y-queynt. **(a1398) * Trev. //Barth.//(Add 27944)** 292b/a: His [the wolf] yhen schyneþ by nyȝt as lanternes. **(a1398) * Trev. //Barth.//(Add 27944)** 331a/b: Lanterna [L Laterna] haþ þat name for light is yclosed þer Inne, and is y-made of glas, or of horne, ouþer of som other clere þing, and light is y-closed þer Inne for þat þe wynde schulde nouȝt blowe out þe light; and he..is ofte y-bore aboute wiþ light þer Inne..þe candele of þe lanterne hatte licinius. **a1400(a1325) //Cursor// (Vsp A.3)** 15731: His disciplis wer ful radd quen þai sagh þat sight, A lantern [Frf: launternes], staf, and suerd, and sper, and mani brandes bright. … **a1425 *//Medulla// (Stnh A.1.10)** 38b/a: Lucerna: a lantarne. **?a1425//Orch.Syon// (Hrl 3432)** 75/13: Thei ben as lanternes brennynge and sette vpon a candilsticke, þat þei schulden deeme þe way of sooþfastnes. … **a1450(c1409) //Man haue hit// (Dgb 102)** 62: Ȝoure rule is groundid in charyte, As liȝt of lanterne to lede þe way. … .**?a1475(?a1425) //Higd.(2)// (Hrl 2261)** 7.405: That religion encreasede so moche in that tyme that the monkes of the ordre Cisterciense were as a lawnterne to alle oþer monkes. … **?c1475 *//Cath.Angl.//(Add 15562)** 70b: Lanterne: crucibulum, lucerna, laterna. … **a1500 //Peterb.Lapid.//(Peterb 33)** 69: In a temple of venus is made a candelstik one þe which was a lantren so brenynge þat it miȝt not be quenched with tempest ne with rayne. (b) **(c1384) //WBible(1)// (Dc 369(2))** Mat.5.15: Nether men tendyn a lanterne [L lucernam], and putten it vndir a busshel, but on a candilstike, that it ȝeue liȝt to alle that ben in the hous. **c1390(c1350) //NHom.(2) PSanct.//(Vrn)** … I.1036: A citee may nat ben hyd that is set on a montayne, ne men lighte nat a lanterne and put it vnder a busshel, but men sette it on a candelstikke to lighten the men in the hous. **(c1395) Chaucer //CT.WB.//(Manly-Rickert)** D.334: He is to greet a nygard that wil werne A man to lighte a candel at his lanterne, He shal han neuer the lasse light, pardee. **c1425 *//Wycl.Concord.//(Roy 17.B.1)**84a: Lanterne. No man liȝtneþ a lanterne & puttiþ &c., mt. fifþe cap. **a1450(c1433) Lydg. //St.Edm.//(Hrl 2278)** 396/1091: Who can..hide A cleer lanterne whan that it is lyht, On a chaundelabre whan it doth abide? **a1450 //Pore of spirit// (Dgb 102)** 153: To lanterne ȝe ben likned..Nouȝt vnder worldly buschel hyd, But on a candel-styke. **(1451) Capgr. //St.Gilb.//(Add 36704)** 93/2: He is not wone to lyte a lanterne and hide it vndyr a buschell, but to sette it vp in heith on a chaundeler. (d) **(1207) //Fine R.King John//** 456: Ricardus Lanter. **(1374) //Leet R.Norwich// in //Seld.Soc.5//** 66: Andreas Lanternemaker. **(1374) in Thuresson //ME Occup.Terms//** 238: Joh. Lanternemaker. **(1374) in Thuresson //ME Occup.Terms//** 238: Hug. Lanternemaker.
  • lārẹ̄w (n.) Also lareow(e, lareaw. [OE lārēow] A teacher, preceptor; leader, master
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