Category:La Florida

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Introduction & Highlights

St. Augustine was officially founded on September 8, 1565, by Spanish admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Florida's first governor. He named the settlement "San Agustín", as his ships bearing settlers, troops, and supplies from Spain had first sighted land in Florida eleven days earlier on August 28, the feast day of St. Augustine.[11] The city served as the capital of Spanish Florida for over 200 years.

...King Philip II of Spain appointed Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Adelantado of Florida, with a commission to drive non-Spanish adventurers from all of the land from Newfoundland to St. Joseph Bay (on the north coast of the Gulf of Mexico).[23] Menéndez de Avilés reached Florida at the same time as Ribault in 1565, and established a base at San Agustín (St. Augustine in English), the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in what is now the continental United States.

The 1565 marriage in St. Augustine between Luisa de Abrego, a free black domestic servant from Seville, and Miguel Rodríguez, a white Segovian conquistador, was the first known and recorded Christian marriage anywhere in what is now the continental United States.[26]

In 1566, Martín de Argüelles was born in Saint Augustine, the first birth of a child of European ancestry recorded in what is now the continental United States. This was 21 years before the English settlement at Roanoke Island in Virginia Colony, and 42 years before the successful settlements of Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Jamestown, Virginia. In 1606, the first recorded birth of a black child in the continental United States was listed in the Cathedral Parish archives, thirteen years before enslaved Africans were first brought to the English colony at Jamestown in 1619.

Santa Elena (1566–1587) Founded in 1566 on the site of Charlesfort, Santa Elena was the first capital of Spanish Florida. Fort San Salvador, a simple blockhouse, was built first, and then Fort San Felipe was built directly on top of the old French fort in that year, with a new moat (the French one having been filled in). It was occupied until 1570, when it was destroyed by fire. The Spanish then built a second fort, also called Fort San Felipe, at an unknown nearby location. The fort and town were abandoned in 1576 due in part to hostility of the local Native Americans.

In 1577 the Spanish returned, and built Fort San Marcos. It was used until 1582 or 1583, when a second Fort San Marcos was constructed. This fortification had a moat dug around it in 1586, in anticipation of an attack by Sir Francis Drake. Santa Elena and the fortifications were finally abandoned in 1587. At its height, the town had about sixty dwellings, with an estimated population of 400-450.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlesfort-Santa_Elena_Site


References

Secrets of the Dead: Secrets of Spanish Florida

From St. Augustine, America's Ancient City

  • Gannon, Micheal 1996 First European contacts. in The new history of Florida. edited by M. Gannon. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. pp. 16-39. An excellent overview of the Spanish explorers and colonizers in Florida, preceding the establishment of St. Augustine.
  • Lyon, Eugene 1976 The enterprise of Florida. The University Press of Florida, Gainesville. The classic and most comprehensive source on Pedro Menéndez and the establishment of Spanish Florida.
  • Manucy, Albert C. 1965 Florida's Menéndez. Captain General of the Ocean Sea. St. Augustine: St. Augustine Historical Society.

An accessible and entertainingly written- but thoroughly researched- biography of Pedro Menéndez, and account of the establishment of La Florida.

  • McGrath, John 2000 The French in early Florida: in the eye of the hurricane. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

A detailed recounting of the French expeditions to Florida in 1564, and the brief, but intense and decisive conflict with the Spanish at St. Augustine.

  • Milanich, Jerald T. and Susan Milbrath, (Editors.) 1989 First Encounters: Spanish explorations in the Caribbean and the United States,1492-1570. Edited by J. Milanich and S. * Milbrath. Ripley P. Bullen Monographs in Anthropology and History 9:119-134. Florida Museum of Natural History. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. Several essays in this richly-illustrated collection cover early exploration and colonization of Florida.

Disasters and Rebuilding - More Info

  • The following resources include only a few of the many works that have been written on these topics. We have chosen those you see here because they are relatively recent (or have continued as enduring classics), because they are published in easily accessible formats, and they are generally non-technical in their presentation. These sources will also lead you to many more popular and scholarly publications on these topics.
  • Arnade, Charles 1959 Florida on Trial 1593-1602. Coral Gables: University of Miami Press. A detail-rich translation and commentary on the trials held to determine St. Augustine's fate in 1602.
  • Covington, James 1965 Drake destroys St. Augustine. Florida Historical Quarterly 44(1&2):81-93. An account of Francis Drake's raid on and burning of St. Augustine in 1586.

The Church and the Missions

The following resources include only a few of the many works that have been written on these topics. We have chosen those you see here because they are relatively recent (or have continued as enduring classics), because they are published in easily accessible formats, and they are generally non-technical in their presentation. These sources will also lead you to many more popular and scholarly publications on these topics.

Most of these resources can be found through your public library. Other useful sites for locating many of these readings include the University Press of Florida (http://www.upf.com) and the St. Augustine Historical Society (http://www.oldcity.com/oldhouse/historical.html). For a complete list of archaeological sources, including unpublished MA and Ph.D. theses, you can go to http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/histarch.

  • Gannon, Michael V. - 1965 The Cross in the Sand: The Early Catholic Church in Florida, 1513-1870. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. A classic study of the Catholic church and the mission system in Florida.
  • Hann, John - 1996 A history of the Timucua Indians and Missions. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. A very detailed account of the Timucua Indians under Christianity.
  • Kapitske, Robert - 2001 Religion, power and politics in colonial St. Augustine. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. A lively but scholarly account of the religious life of St. Augustine- including both secular clergy and member of orders. It addresses the political tensions and power relations within the religious community, as well as those between the religious community and the government.

Life on the Remote Frontier

The following resources include only a few of the many works that have been written on these topics. We have chosen those you see here because they are relatively recent (or have continued as enduring classics), because they are published in easily accessible formats, and they are generally non-technical in their presentation. These sources will also lead you to many more popular and scholarly publications on these topics.

Most of these resources can be found through your public library. Other useful sites for locating many of these readings include the University Press of Florida (http://www.upf.com) and the St. Augustine Historical Society (http://www.oldcity.com/oldhouse/historical.html). For a complete list of archaeological sources, including unpublished MA and Ph.D. theses, you can go to http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/histarch.

  • Deagan, Kathleen (Editor) - 1985 The Archaeology of Sixteenth Century St. Augustine. The Florida Anthropologist (Special issue) 38:6-33. A collection of articles summarizing the results of archaeology in sixteenth century St. Augustine sites up to 1985. Digital edition: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00027829/00006/9j (saved in folder)
    • Found on JSTOR - The Historical Archaeology of Sixteenth-Century La Florida, Kathleen A. Deagan, The Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 91, No. 3, 500 Years of Florida History—The Sixteenth Century (Winter 2013), pp. 349-374 (26 pages)
  • Lyon, Eugene - 1992 Richer than we thought: the material culture of sixteenth century St. Augustine. El Escribano. Volume 29 pp. 1-117. St. Augustine: the St. Augustine Historical Society. Lists of personal goods compiled from wills as well as from shipping records are presented and discussed.
  • Manucy, Albert - 1997 Sixteenth century St. Augustine: The people and their homes. Gainesville: University Press of Florida and the St. Augustine Historical Society. A charmingly illustrated and written book about St. Augustine, its people and its architecture at ca. 1580. [On Amazon Wish List]
  • Reitz, Elizabeth J., and C. Margaret Scarry - 1985 Reconstructing historic subsistence with an example from sixteenth century Spanish Florida. The Society for Historical Archaeology Special Publication No. 3. An archeological reconstruction of the diet, foodways and environmental resources of the sixteenth century colonists of St. Augustine. [Link to Soc. for Hist. Arch. Sp. Publications "coming soon" - https://sha.org/publication-links/sha-special-publications/ ]

Wikipedia suggests:

  • Corbett, Theodore G. (1974). "Migration to a Spanish Imperial Frontier in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: St. Augustine". The Hispanic American Historical Review. 54 (3): 414–430. doi:10.2307/2512931. JSTOR 2512931.
  • Deagan, Kathleen, Fort Mose: Colonial America's Black Fortress of Freedom (1995), Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  • Fairbanks, George R. (George Rainsford), History and antiquities of St. Augustine, Florida (1881), Jacksonville, Florida, H. Drew.
  • Gannon, Michael V., The Cross in the Sand: The Early Catholic Church in Florida 1513–1870 (1965), Gainesville: University Presses of Florida.
  • Goldstein, Holly Markovitz, "St. Augustine's "Slave Market": A Visual History," Southern Spaces, 28 September 2012.
  • Gordon, Elsbeth, Florida's Colonial Architectural Heritage, University Press of Florida, 2002; Heart and Soul of Florida: Sacred Sites and Historic Architecture, University Press of Florida, 2013
  • Graham, Thomas, The Awakening of St. Augustine, (1978), St. Augustine Historical Society
  • Hanna, A. J., A Prince in Their Midst, (1946), Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Harvey, Karen, America's First City, (1992), Lake Buena Vista, Florida: Tailored Tours Publications.
  • Landers, Jane, Black Society in Spanish Florida (1999), Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
  • Lyon, Eugene, The Enterprise of Florida, (1976), Gainesville: University Press of Florida. found on JSTOR, saved to folder
  • Manucy, Albert, Menendez, (1983), St. Augustine Historical Society.
  • Marley, David F. (2005), "United States: St. Augustine", Historic Cities of the Americas, 2, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, p. 627+, ISBN 978-1-57607-027-7
  • Nolan, David, The Houses of St. Augustine, (1995), Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press.
  • Porter, Kenneth W., The Black Seminoles: History of a Freedom-Seeking People, (1996), Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  • Reynolds, Charles B. (Charles Bingham), Old Saint Augustine, a story of three centuries, (1893), St. Augustine, Florida E. H. Reynolds.
  • Waterbury, Jean Parker (editor), The Oldest City, (1983), St. Augustine Historical Society.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida

Pages in category "La Florida"

The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total.

H

L

M

P

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